Kubernetes Dashboard

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Introduction

Web 기반 사용자 interface Kubernetes Dashboard를 구축해보자!
이를 통해 사용자는 container화 된 application을 Kubernetes cluster 내에 배포하고, 문제를 진단하며, 클러스터 자원을 관리할 수 있다.

  • Resource Monitoring: 라이브 node 정보, CPU 및 memory 사용량과 같은 cluster의 핵심 지표 모니터링
  • Application 배포: Web interface를 사용하여 application 배포 및 관리
  • 문제 진단: Log, event 및 cluster resource 정보를 확인하여 application의 문제 파악 및 진단
  • Object 관리: Deployments, Jobs, DaemonSets 등과 같은 Kubernetes object의 생성, 수정 및 삭제

Installation

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$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.6.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

Traefik을 통해 ingress 설정을 진행할 예정이므로 아래와 같이 HTTPS를 비활성화한다.

k8s-dashboard.yaml
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kind: Service
...
metadata:
  ...
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
    # - port: 443
    #   targetPort: 8443
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 9090
    # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
...
---
...
kind: Deployment
...
metadata:
  ...
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ...
  template:
    ...
    spec:
      ...
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          ...
          ports:
            # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
            - containerPort: 9090
            # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
            # - --auto-generate-certificates
            # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
            - --enable-skip-login=false
            - --enable-insecure-login=true
            # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
          ...
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
              # scheme: HTTPS
              # path: /
              # port: 8443
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 9090
              # ------------------ EDIT ------------------ #
            ...
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$ kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard
$ kubectl apply -f k8s-dashboard.yaml

Kubernetes dashboard의 설치는 모두 끝났다!

Ingress

${DDNS}/k8s에 dashboard가 서비스되는 것을 위해 아래와 같이 ingress를 구축한다.

traefik.yaml
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apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-redirection-mw
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  redirectRegex:
    regex: "^https://${DDNS}/k8s$$"
    replacement: "https://${DDNS}/k8s/#/"
    permanent: true
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-strip-mw
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  stripPrefix:
    prefixes:
    - "/k8s"
---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: IngressRoute
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  entryPoints:
  - websecure
  routes:
  - match: Host(`${DDNS}`) && PathPrefix(`/k8s`)
    kind: Rule
    middlewares:
    - name: kubernetes-dashboard-redirection-mw
    - name: kubernetes-dashboard-strip-mw
    services:
    - name: kubernetes-dashboard
      port: 80
  tls:
    certResolver: ${RESOLVER}

traefik

Ingress도 잘 되는 것을 확인할 수 있다!

Tada!

아래의 코드를 통해 사용자를 생성하고, 토큰 값을 가져올 수 있다.

user.yaml
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apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: client-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: client-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: view
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: client-user
  namespace: kube-system
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$ kubectl apply -f user.yaml
# ---------------------------- ADMIN ---------------------------- #
$ kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
4tdXNlc...
# ---------------------------- CLIENT ---------------------------- #
$ kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep client-user | awk '{print $1}')
WUiOiJj...

이 토큰을 원하는 권한에 맞춰 입력하면 ~

tada

완성!